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Subtitle: The Necessity of Union.

Title: Colored American - August 24, 1839

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer points out the benefits of union within the African American community. These benefits include not only political rights and safety, but social and community well-being.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Literary Retrenchment.

Title: Colored American - December 2, 1837

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer encourages his readers to seek a �classical� education, which emphasizes literature, languages and science. Currently schools are adjusting their curriculum to omit subjects that are deemed unnecessary to employment. The concentration is changing to offer more of an emphasis on mechanics than on intellectual pursuits.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Female Trading Association.

Title: Colored American - July 31, 1841

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer gives a brief overview of a grocery association run by African American women.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: With Whom Are We In Union?

Title: Colored American - May 6, 1837

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer expresses his dismay at the irony displayed in a country whose people focus on keeping the "Union" strong when there are those within its northern states who live in fear of those in the south.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Union.

Title: Colored American - November 10, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The editor shares articles with his readers indicating the growing unrest between the northern and southern states over the issue of slavery.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Saving Association.

Title: Colored American - October 24, 1840

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer tells encourages his readers to save their money instead of spending it frivolously. He notes that while he's not suggesting a specific plan, institutions exist to help them save their money.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Literary Societies.

Title: Colored American - October 5, 1839

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer encouraged his readers to participate in establishing a literary society suggested by the recent Anti-Slavery Convention. This type of society would benefit African Americans by providing them with a place for lectures, meetings, reading, self-educational opportunities, and community. It would also offer a positive alternative to those who now frequent the drinking, gambling and prostitution establishments.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page (partially illegible)

Subtitle: The Political Association.

Title: Colored American - September 8, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer reminds his readers that the most important "civil institution" is one that offers a political influence. Civil rights are worth fighting for, and a focus on the political process involved is worth participating in.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Result of the Union State Convention.

Title: Elevator - August 25, 1865

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Elevator (1865 - 18??)

The writer gives detailed commentary on a recent political convention.

Description of file(s): three scanned newspaper pages (five columns)

Subtitle: Disintegration of the Union Party.

Title: Elevator - September 8, 1865

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Elevator (1865 - 18??)

The writer offers commentary on a recent political election. He believes the Union Party is defeated and can no longer continue in its political efforts.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Union Literary Association.

Title: Frederick Douglass' Paper - February 2, 1855

Speaker or author: Watkins, William J.

Newspaper or publication: Frederick Douglass' Paper (1851 - 18??)

The writer reviews a debate presented by the Union Literary Association.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: L'Union.

Title: Pacific Appeal - October 10, 1863

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Pacific Appeal (1862 - 188?)

The editor shares with his readers his discovery of the existence of a French and English newspaper being published by an African American regiment of Union soldiers in Louisiana.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Our Assumed Literary Apathy.

Title: Pacific Appeal - October 10, 1863

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Pacific Appeal (1862 - 188?)

The writer comments on William Wells Brown's reply to criticism of his book, The Black Man, His Antecedents, Genius, and Achievements. Mr. Brown's belief is that African Americans don't appreciate the literary work of other African Americans.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Dumas Literary Society.

Title: Provincial Freeman - April 12, 1856

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer gives a brief overview of an unruly meeting he attended of the Dumas Literary Society.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: American Sunday School Union and American Tract Society.

Title: Provincial Freeman - July 4, 1857

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer offers a brief critique of educational and religious societies in Canada and the U.S. Most he concludes are hypocritical.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Union.

Title: Provincial Freeman - March 24, 1853

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer points to the cultural divisions in other countries based on religion and region and compares these with the racial divisions in the U.S. He notes that union within a society is important, but not at the expense of individual moral principles.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Union Sabbath School.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - February 12, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer announces the establishment of the Union Sabbath School which has just opened in Sandwich.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The Petersonian Literary Society.

Title: Weekly Anglo-African - February 2, 1861

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Weekly Anglo-African (1859 - 1862)

Brief commentary on a local Literary Society established in honor of a beloved teacher.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The Young Men's Christian Association.

Title: Weekly Anglo-African - July 30, 1859

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Weekly Anglo-African (1859 - 1862)

Brief commentary on a recent convention held by the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

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